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Biomolecules: The Building Blocks of Life and Their Role in Everyday Products

Ernest J. Gaines

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Published in Biomolecules Polymers Everyday Life: Fully Covered Topics Short Notes (Full 11th + 12th CHEMISTRY Fully Covered Short Notes)

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Biomolecules are complex organic compounds that form the basis of life. They are essential for all living organisms, playing a vital role in various biological processes. From the structure of our bodies to the food we eat, biomolecules are indispensable components of our world. This article delves into the fascinating world of biomolecules, exploring their types, functions, and their applications in everyday life.

Types of Biomolecules

Biomolecules can be classified into four main types:

Biomolecules, Polymers, Everyday life: Fully covered topics short notes! (Full 11th + 12th CHEMISTRY fully covered short notes)

by William Ma

4.9 out of 5

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1. Carbohydrates:

Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They are the primary source of energy for living organisms. Examples include glucose, fructose, and starch.

2. Proteins:

Proteins are made up of amino acids and are essential for building and repairing tissues, enzymes, hormones, and other vital molecules. Examples include hemoglobin, collagen, and insulin.

3. Lipids:

Lipids are composed of fatty acids and are important for energy storage, hormone production, and cell membrane formation. Examples include fats, oils, and cholesterol.

4. Nucleic Acids:

Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides and are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. Examples include DNA and RNA.

Functions of Biomolecules

Each type of biomolecule plays specific roles within living organisms:

1. Carbohydrates:

* Provide energy for cellular activities * Store energy as starch and glycogen * Form the structural components of plant cell walls

2. Proteins:

* Build and repair tissues * Act as enzymes, catalyzing chemical reactions * Transport molecules across cell membranes * Regulate immune responses

3. Lipids:

* Store energy as fats and oils * Form the cell membrane, providing a barrier between the cell and its surroundings * Produce hormones, such as steroids

4. Nucleic Acids:

* Store and transmit genetic information * Control protein synthesis * Regulate cellular processes

Applications of Biomolecules in Everyday Life

Biomolecules have numerous applications in our daily lives, including:

1. Food Industry:

* Carbohydrates provide energy in the form of bread, pasta, and rice. * Proteins are essential for building and maintaining muscle mass, found in meat, beans, and dairy products. * Lipids provide energy and flavor in the form of fats, oils, and butter.

2. Medical Field:

* Proteins are used in enzyme replacement therapy and antibody production. * Nucleic acids are used in genetic testing and gene therapy. * Lipids are used in the production of drugs and cosmetics.

3. Industrial Applications:

* Carbohydrates are used in the production of paper, textiles, and adhesives. * Proteins are used in the manufacturing of leather, gelatin, and glue. * Lipids are used in the production of lubricants, waxes, and detergents.

Biomolecules are the fundamental building blocks of life, playing crucial roles in various biological processes. Their diverse functions and applications make them indispensable components of our world. From the food we eat to the medicines we use, biomolecules are ubiquitous in our daily lives. Understanding their structure, functions, and applications provides us with a deeper appreciation for the complexities and wonders of life.

Biomolecules, Polymers, Everyday life: Fully covered topics short notes! (Full 11th + 12th CHEMISTRY fully covered short notes)

by William Ma

4.9 out of 5